Coastal Management and the Blue Economy

Oceans play a vital role in providing food and employment for billions of people globally. According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), approximately 60 million individuals, predominantly in developing nations, rely on fisheries and aquaculture for employment, with small-scale fisheries being particularly significant. The health of coastal and marine ecosystems is crucial for economic growth, food production, and the welfare of local communities. However, these environments face mounting threats from climate change and human activities.

The Blue Economy approach seeks to harness the economic potential of oceans while ensuring the sustainable use and conservation of marine resources. This approach not only aims for economic growth but also prioritises social inclusion and improved livelihoods, while maintaining the health and resilience of coastal and marine ecosystems.

Effective coastal and marine management requires meticulous planning and monitoring, which can be challenging due to the vast and often remote nature of these environments. Earth Observation (EO) emerges as a crucial tool in overcoming these challenges, providing essential data for informed decision-making and sustainable development.

EO technologies enable the mapping of coastal bathymetry, tracking changes in coastlines, monitoring shifts in coastal land cover and land use, assessing water quality, detecting marine pollution, and evaluating the extent and health of coastal habitats. These capabilities are instrumental in guiding policies and practices that promote sustainable fisheries management, coastal zone planning, and disaster risk reduction.

For example, EO data can identify areas vulnerable to coastal erosion or sea-level rise, enabling authorities to implement adaptive measures to protect communities and infrastructure. It also supports the monitoring of marine protected areas, aiding in the conservation of biodiversity and enhancing resilience to climate impacts.

The integration of EO-derived information into coastal and marine management frameworks enhances the efficiency and effectiveness of resource allocation and policy formulation. By providing timely and accurate data, EO facilitates proactive responses to environmental changes and human pressures, thereby supporting the long-term sustainability of the Blue Economy.